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+### 柱形图
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+柱形图用geom_bar或者geom_col()，geom_bar用于绘制频数分布，使用stat_count统计变换，计算分组的个数，用个数映射方柱的高度。或者是变量的权重，两者其实是一个意思。
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+```{r}
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+geom_bar(mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "count",
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+ position = "stack", ..., width = NULL, binwidth = NULL, na.rm = FALSE,
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+ show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE)
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+```
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+geom_col以变量的值映射到方柱的高度，使用stat_identity()统计变换，意思就是原封不动的使用变量的值。
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+
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+```{r}
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+geom_col(mapping = NULL, data = NULL, position = "stack", ...,
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+ width = NULL, na.rm = FALSE, show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE)
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+```
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+要反过来，需要显式调用position_stack函数。
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+
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+```{r}
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+g +
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+ geom_bar(aes(fill = drv), position = position_stack(reverse = TRUE)) +
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+ coord_flip() +
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+ theme(legend.position = "top")
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+```
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